Bluetooth vs Wi-Fi vs WebRTC: Comparing How Devices Actually Talk to Each Other
These three terms often get mentally lumped together under "wireless," without much thought to what each one is actually built for — and they're genuinely not interchangeable.
Bluetooth: short range, low power, low throughput
Bluetooth is designed for close-range, low-power links — headphones, wearables, quick handshakes between nearby devices. It's genuinely not built to move a large file fast. Its role in tools like AirDrop is usually discovery — finding a nearby device — with the actual file data moving over Wi-Fi instead.
Wi-Fi: the actual workhorse
Wi-Fi offers far higher throughput and longer range, and it's what actually carries file data in most wireless transfer tools — including the local-network portion of a WebRTC connection whenever two devices happen to share one.
WebRTC: not a radio technology at all
This is the odd one out. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are physical radio protocols; WebRTC is a software layer that opens a connection over whatever network is already available — Wi-Fi, mobile data, ethernet — and doesn't care which. It's a coordination and encryption layer sitting on top of a network connection, not a competing radio standard.
Why this distinction matters in practice
It's why a WebRTC-based transfer works between a phone on mobile data and a laptop on Wi-Fi — two completely different networks, which Bluetooth or a shared-Wi-Fi-only tool simply can't bridge, and which WebRTC never needed to be the same network in the first place.
Putting it together
Bluetooth finds nearby devices, Wi-Fi moves data fast on a local network, and WebRTC coordinates a connection across any network at all. Three different jobs — not three competing options for the same one.
Related reading
P2P Transfer How WebRTC Makes Browser-to-Browser File Transfer Possible AirDrop, Nearby Share, and Browser-Based Transfer: What's the Real Difference